Reseach and resources

Research Articles & Journal Entries

The effect of body condition on subsequent creche attendance in Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)

Mawhinney, Kim
Citation Information:
Abundance, Breeding Habits
Common Eider
Behaviour, Biology, Reproduction

The influence of female age on breeding in the Eider (Somateria mollissima)

Baillie, S.R; Milne, H.
Citation Information:
Breeding Habits
Common Eider
Reproduction

The Pragmatic Migratory Bird Treaty Act: Protecting “Property”

Hye-Jong Linda Lee
Citation Information:
Boston College Law School
Economic Value
Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law, Species of Concern

The role of herring spawning grounds as Marine Protected Areas for scoters (Melanitta spp.) in the Puget Sound-Georgia Basin

Lovvorn, James R.
Citation Information:
University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Energy Budgets, Foraging & Habitat, Management, Migration & Flight, Starvation, Wintering Habitat

The Timing of Pair Formation in Harlequin Ducks

Robertson, Gregory J.; Cooke, Fred; Goudie, R. I.; Boyd, W.S.
Citation Information:
Canadian Wildlife Service -Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Simon Fraser University - Dept of Biological Sciences
Breeding Habits
Harlequin
Behaviour, Foraging & Habitat, Reproduction, Site Fidelity, Starvation, Wintering Habitat

The value of herring spawning events to spring conditioning of scoters in the Puget Sound Georgia Basin

Anderson, Eric M. ; Lovvorn, James R.; Esler, Daniel; Boyd W. Sean; Nysewander, David R. ; Evenson, Joseph R.
Citation Information:
University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University , Canadian Wildlife Service - Pacific and Yukon Region, Washington Dept of Fish and Wildlife, Proceedings of the 2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference
Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Ecology, Energy Budgets, Foraging & Habitat, Nutrient Reserves, Site Fidelity, Wintering Habitat

Time-activity budgets of Harlequin Ducks molting in the Gannet Islands, Labrador.

Adams PA.; Robertson GJ.; Jones IL.
Citation Information:
Condor
Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Harlequin
Behaviour, Biology, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Moulting Habitat

Timing Of Pairing And Molt Chronology Of Harlequin Ducks

Robertson, Gregory J.; Gowans, Billie; Cooke, Fred
Citation Information:
Breeding Habits, Times of Migration
Harlequin
Reproduction

To fly or not to fly: high flight costs in a large sea duck do not imply an expensive lifestyle

Pelletier, David ; Guillemette, Magella ; Grandbois, Jean-Marc ; Butler, Patrick J.
Citation Information:
Proc. Royal Society B (2008) 275, 2117–2124 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0422 Published online 3 June 2008
Universite´ du Quebec a` Rimouski, Departement de biologie,, University of Birmingham, UK. Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences,
Abundance, Distribution
Common Eider
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Behaviour, Biology, Ecology, Energy Budgets, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Management, Migration & Flight, Wintering Habitat

To fly or not to fly: high flight costs in a large sea duck do not imply an expensive lifestyle

Pelletier, David ; Guillemette, Magella ; Grandbois, Jean-Marc ; Butler, Patrick J
Citation Information:
Proc Biol Sci. 2008 Sep 22; 275(1647): 2117–2124
Proceedings of Royal Society Biological Science
Abundance, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Labrador Duck, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Avian Predation, Bag Limits, Behaviour, Biology, Crippling Rate, Energy Budgets, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migration & Flight, Migratory Bird Law, Nutrient Reserves, Philopatry, Reproduction, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Wintering Habitat

Waterbird Populations and Pressures in the Baltic Sea

Citation Information:
Nordic Council of Ministers, Wetlands International, Naturvardsverket, WWF Sweden, Nord Stream AG, Femern A/S
Abundance, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Contaminants, Fisheries, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Wind Power, Wildlife and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act: A Way Forward

Lilley, Meredith Blaydes.
Citation Information:
University of Delaware - College of Marine and Earth Studies, Center for Carbon Free Power Generation
Distribution, Economic Value, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Human Disturbance, Laws and Policies, Management, Migration & Flight, Migratory Bird Law, Species of Concern

Winter Philopatry In Harlequin Ducks: Implications For Their Conservation In The Strait Of Georgia, BC

Robertson, Gregory J.; Goudie, R. I.; Boyd, W.S.
Citation Information:
Breeding Habits
Harlequin
Behaviour, Reproduction

Wintering Sea Duck Distribution Along the Atlantic Coast of the United States

Silverman, Emily D.; Saalfeld, D. T. ; Leirness, J. B. ; Koneff, Mark. D.
Citation Information:
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4(1):178–198; e1944-687X. doi: 10.3996/122012- JFWM-107
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Laurel MD., USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Orono Maine, University of Delaware, USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Alaska
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration
Black Scoter, Common Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Climatic Phenomenon, Contaminants, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Migration & Flight, Reproductive Strategy, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wind Turbines, Wintering Habitat

Wintering Snowy Owls feed on Sea Ducks in the Belcher Islands, Nunavut, Canada

Robertson, Gregory J.; Gilchrist, H. Grant
Citation Information:
Canadian Wildlife Service
Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Common Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw
Avian Predation, Ecology, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Wintering Habitat

Within-Season Moulting And Wintering Site Philopatry In Harlequin Duck

Robertson, Gregory J.; Cooke, Fred; Fraser, Simon; Goudie, R. I.
Citation Information:
Canadian Wildlife Service
Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Moulting Habitat, Site Fidelity

Surveys

2013 Kodiak Island Cooperative Goldeneye Nest Box Project

Zwiefelhofer, Denny; Crye, John
Citation Information:
Alaska Dept Fish and game [nid:725] Division of Wildlife Conservation, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Lesnoi Corporation, U.S. Coast Guard Integrated Support Command
Breeding Habits
Barrow's Goldeneye
Breeding Habitat, Reproduction

2014 Kodiak Island Cooperative Goldeneye Nest Box Project

Zwiefelhofer, Denny; Crye, John
Citation Information:
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, USFWS -Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge Alaska, U.S. Coast Guard Integrated Support Command, Lesnoi Corporation, Koniag Corporation
Breeding Habits, Distribution
Barrow's Goldeneye, Common Merganser
Breeding Habitat, Reproduction

2015 Kodiak Island Cooperative Goldeneye Nest Box Project

Zwiefelhofer, Denny; Crye, John
Citation Information:
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, USFWS -Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge Alaska, US Coast Guard Support Center- Kodiak, Koniag Corporation, Lesnoi Corporation
Breeding Habits, Distribution
Barrow's Goldeneye
Breeding Habitat, Reproduction

2016 Kodiak Island Cooperative Goldeneye Nest Box Project Progress Report

Zwiefelhofer, Denny, Crye John
Citation Information:
Zwiefelhofer, D. and Crye, J., Kodiak Island Cooperative Nest Box Project 2016 Progress Report. unpub. rep. 17pp.
Alaska Dept Fish and game [nid:725] Division of Wildlife Conservation, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Coast Guard - Base Kodiak, Konaig Corp, Lesnoi Corporation
Breeding Habits
Barrow's Goldeneye
Breeding Habitat, Reproduction

Aerial Population Surveys of Common Eiders and other waterbirds NW Alaska

Bollinger, Karen S. ; Platte, Robert M.
Citation Information:
U.S.F.W.S. Division of Migratory Bird Management
Common Eider

Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Alaska 1957-94 Population Trends and Observer Variability

Hodges, John (Jack) ; King, James G.; Conant, Bruce; Hanson, Henry A.
Citation Information:
Dept of the Interior
Management, Surveys

Alaska - Yukon Waterfowl breeding Population Survey 2011

Mallek, Edward J.; Groves, Deborah J.
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Breeding Habitat, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecological Regions, Laws and Policies, Management, Surveys

Alaska-Yukon Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey 2010

Mallek, E. J.; Groves, D. J.
Citation Information:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Reproduction, Status, Surveys

Atlantic Flyway Sea Duck Survey

Klimstra, Jon - Jon_klimstra@fws.gov
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Species of Concern, Surveys, Wind Turbines, Wintering Habitat

Birding in the United States: A Demographic and Economic Analysis

Citation Information:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Division of Economics
Economic Value
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law, Surveys

Breeding Population Survey 1955-2010 - graphed Goldeneyes 1-12

Hodges, John (Jack)
Citation Information:
Abundance, Distribution
Barrow's Goldeneye, Common Goldeneye
Surveys

Distribution and Abundance of Steller's Eider's In The Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska Jan-Feb 2001

Larned, William W.; Zwiefelhofer, Denny
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Alaska, USFWS -Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge Alaska
Abundance, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Foraging & Habitat, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Exploratory Fixed-wing Breeding Pair Survey of Interior British Columbia

Hodges, John (Jack) ; Mallek, Edward J.
Citation Information:
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Red-breasted Merganser, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Foraging & Habitat, Management, Site Fidelity, Status, Surveys

Lincoln estimates of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) abundance in North America

Alisauskas, Ray T. ; Arnold, Todd W.; Leafloor, James O.; Otis, David L.; Sedinger, James S.
Citation Information:
Ecology and Evolution Jan 2014; 4(2):132–143.
Environment Canada, University of Minnesota, University of Colorado, University of Nevada
Abundance, Distribution
Additive Mortality Factors, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Management, Status, Surveys

Long-tailed Duck Research: Details Wind Turbine studies

Citation Information:
Mass Audubon
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Long-tailed / Old Squaw
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Site Fidelity, Wintering Habitat

Survey of Wintering Sea Ducks and Waterbirds in Bristol Bay, Alaska

Bowman, Tim; Larned, William W.
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management, Sea Duck Joint Venture
Abundance, Distribution, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, King Eider
Climatic Phenomenon, Contaminants, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Seaduck Joint Venture, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Trends in Duck Breeding Populations 1955–2012

Zimpfer, Nathan L. ; Rhodes, Walter E. ; Silverman, Emily D.; Zimmerman, Guthrie S.; Richkus, Ken D.
Citation Information:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Labrador Duck, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Breeding Habitat, Ecological Regions, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migration & Flight, Reproduction

Waterbird Populations and Pressures in the Baltic Sea

Henrik Skov et al.
Citation Information:
Nordic Council of Ministers, Wetlands International, Naturvardsverket, WWF Sweden, Nord Stream AG, Femern A/S
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Contaminants, Fisheries, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Species of Concern, Status, Wind Turbines, Wintering Habitat

Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey Coastal Plain Alaska 2011

Larned, William W.; Stehn, Robert S.; Platte, Robert M.
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Alaska
Abundance, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Common Eider, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Avian Predation, Biology, Breeding Habitat, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Energy Budgets, Foraging & Habitat, Management, Moulting Habitat, Reproduction, Reproductive Strategy, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys

Winter/ Nocturnal Duck Survey - Nantucket Sound Mass.

Citation Information:
Cape Wind Associates LLC, E.S.S. Group
Distribution, Economic Value, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Black Scoter, Common Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Human Disturbance, Migration & Flight, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Wintering Habitat

Telemetry

2008 Time Series Map from telemetry of Spectacled Eiders and Sea Ice

Sexson, Matthew G.
Citation Information:
Alaska Biological Science Center , University of Alaska Fairbanks - Dept of Biology and Wildlife
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Spectacled Eider
Behaviour, Biology, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Genetics, Human Disturbance, Management, Migration & Flight, Morphology, Moulting Habitat, Philopatry, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Starvation, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

2009 Time Series Map from Telemetry of Spectacled Eiders and Sea Ice

Sexson, Matthew G.
Citation Information:
Alaska Biological Science Center , University of Alaska Fairbanks - Dept of Biology and Wildlife
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Spectacled Eider
Additive Mortality Factors, Avian Predation, Behaviour, Biology, Climatic Phenomenon, Contaminants, Disease, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migration & Flight, Migratory Bird Law, Morphology, Moulting Habitat, Philopatry, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Starvation, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Atlantic and Great Lakes Sea Duck Migration Study

Citation Information:
Sea Duck Joint Venture
Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Black Scoter, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Migration & Flight, Moulting Habitat, Seaduck Joint Venture, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Atlantic and Great Lakes Sea Duck Migration Study

Berlin, Alicia M.; Perry, Matthew C. ; Therrien, Ronald E.,; Olsen, Glenn H. ; Guilliand, Scott ; Savard, Jean-Pierre; Petrie, Scott ; Barney,Ted ; Meyer, Shawn ; Badzinski, Shannon
Citation Information:
Sea Duck Joint Venture Initiative, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Canadian Wildlife Service, Long Point Waterfowl
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Black Scoter, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Management, Migration & Flight, Moulting Habitat, Philopatry, Reproduction, Seaduck Joint Venture, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wind Turbines, Wintering Habitat

Atlantic Flyway Seaduck Study

Perry, M.C.; Lohnes, E.J.R.
Citation Information:
U.S. Geological Survey
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Black Scoter, Surf Scoter
Moulting Habitat, Reproduction, Site Fidelity, Wintering Habitat

Atlantic Seaduck Project

Citation Information:
U.S. Geological Survey
Abundance, Breeding Habits
Surf Scoter
Ecological Regions, Ecology, Reproduction, Seaduck Joint Venture, Surveys

Migration and Habitat Use of Pacific Barrow's Goldeneye

Boyd, W.S.; Esler, Dan; Bowman, Tim; Thompson, Jonathan E.
Citation Information:
Science and Technology, Environment Canada Delta BC, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University Delta BC, Sea Duck Joint Venture - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska, Ducks Unlimited Canada - Edmonton AB
Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Biology, Ecology, Management, Migration & Flight, Moulting Habitat, Philopatry, Site Fidelity, Wintering Habitat

Web sites

Atlantic Seaduck Project

Perry, Matthew C. ; Lohnes, Edward J. R. ; Osenton, Peter C.; Kidwell, David M.
Citation Information:
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Goldeneye, Harlequin, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Behaviour, Biology, Contaminants, Disease, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Moulting Habitat, Reproduction, Seaduck Joint Venture, Species of Concern, Starvation, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Common Eider Satellite Tracking Study

Citation Information:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Lines of Migration
Common Eider
Behaviour, Reproduction

Curious Lives of Sea Ducks

Mehl, Katherine
Citation Information:
Ducks Unlimited U.S.
Abundance, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Breeding Habitat, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Reproduction, Reproductive Strategy, Site Fidelity, Wintering Habitat

Duck Poacher Forfeits Gear and Vehicle

Brandenburg Rob G.
Citation Information:
North American Wildlife Officers Association
Common Eider
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law

Found Transmitter A Needle in a Haystack

Woodford, Riley
Citation Information:
Alaska Dept of Fish and Game
Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Surf Scoter
Avian Predation, Migration & Flight, Site Fidelity

Jeffrey Foiles, of Pleasant Hill, Illinois Faces Charges in Canada and US

Brandenburg Rob G.
Citation Information:
North American Wildlife Enforcement Officers Association
Abundance
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Migratory Bird Law

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918

Citation Information:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Economic Value, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Laws and Policies, Migratory Bird Law

Newfoundland and Labrador Inland Fish Enforcement Program Expanded to Include Wildlife

Brandenburg Rob G.
Citation Information:
North American Wildlife Enforcement Officers Association
Abundance
Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law

Poachers Hit with Large Fines and Hunting Suspensions for Violations under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994

Citation Information:
Environment Canada
Common Eider
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law

Sea Duck Ecology - Investigating the wintering ecology of surf scoters and long-tailed ducks

Citation Information:
Virginia Institute of Marine Science - College of William & Mary, Eastern Shore Lab
Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Behaviour, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Foraging & Habitat, Human Disturbance, Management, Migration & Flight, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Wintering Habitat

Sea Duck Research at the Centre for Wildlife Ecology

Citation Information:
Centre For Wildlife Ecology, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Economic Value, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Barrow's Goldeneye, Black Scoter, Bufflehead, Common Eider, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Harlequin, Hooded Merganser, King Eider, Labrador Duck, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Red-breasted Merganser, Smew, Spectacled Eider, Steller's Eider, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Avian Predation, Bag Limits, Behaviour, Biology, Bird lists, Climatic Phenomenon, Contaminants, Disease, Duck Family Tree, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Fisheries, Foraging & Habitat, Genetics, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migration & Flight, Migratory Bird Law, Morphology, Moulting Habitat, Philopatry, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Seaduck Joint Venture, Site Fidelity, Species of Concern, Starvation, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

Sea Duck Specialist Group

Citation Information:
Sea Duck Specialist Group, Wetlands International, World Conservation Union (IWCU)

Searching for the cause of sea ducks’ dire health

Abel, David
Citation Information:
Boston Globe
Abundance, Times of Migration
Common Eider, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Disease, Human Predation, Species of Concern, Wintering Habitat

Stellers Eider Spring Migration Surveys Southwest Alaska 2012

Larned, William W.
Citation Information:
USFWS -Migratory Bird Management - Alaska
Abundance, Breeding Habits, Distribution, Lines of Migration, Times of Migration, Zones of Temperature
Steller's Eider
Biology, Breeding Habitat, Climatic Phenomenon, Ecological Regions, Ecology, Management, Migration & Flight, Philopatry, Species of Concern, Status, Surveys, Wintering Habitat

United States Poacher Fined for Violations of Canadian Laws While Hunting Waterfowl

Citation Information:
Environment Canada
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law

Where are all the sea ducks?

Citation Information:
Backyard Reports
Abundance
Black Scoter, Long-tailed / Old Squaw, Surf Scoter, White-Winged Scoter
Additive Mortality Factors, Bag Limits, Human Disturbance, Human Predation, Laws and Policies, Management, Migratory Bird Law

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