Interactions among harlequin ducks, Histrionicus histrionicus, fish, and their shared aquatic insect prey
LeBourdais, S. V., R. C. Ydenberg, and D. Esler. 2009. Fish and harlequin ducks compete on breeding streams. Canadian Journal of Zoology 87:31-40.
Žydelis, R., D. Esler, M. Kirk, and W. S. Boyd. 2009. Effects of off-bottom shellfish aquaculture on winter habitat use by molluscivorous sea ducks. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:34-42.
Abraham KF. 1978. Adoption of Spectacled Eider Ducklings by Arctic Loons. Condor 80(3):339-340.
Abraham KF, Ankney CD. 1986. Summer Birds of East Bay Southampton Island Northwest Territories Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 100(2):180-185.
Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. 1997. White-winged scoter: Melanitta fusca. Birds of North America 0(274):1-27.
Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. 1998. Surf Scoter: Melanitta perspicillata. Birds of North America 0(363):1-28.
As constituted here, the tribe Mergini includes all the species which Delacour and Mayr (1945) originally placed in the group.
Delacour later (1959) removed the four species of eiders and placed them in a separate tribe, Somateriini, between the dabbling ducks and
Cooke, Wells. 1906. Distribution and Migration of North American Ducks, Geese and Swans. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin. No. 26. 46 pp.
Wiggins, D. (2005, October 17). Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region.
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation 150 pages
Abstract or Introduction
Sea Ducks have been marginalized in Waterfowl conservation and management programs as most attention has been focused on the "sport ducks" notably mallards. In fact much of our understanding of the demography and harvest of ducks is based on the mallard model.
Raftovich, R.V., K.A. Wilkins, S.S Williams, H.L. Spriggs, and K.D. Richkus. 2011. Migratory bird
hunting activity and harvest during the 2009 and 2010 hunting seasons. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser
vice, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
Sea Duck Joint Venture. 2011. Sea Duck Joint Venture Implementation Plan for April 2011 through March 2014. Report of the Sea Duck Joint Venture. Available at U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, and Environment Canada, Sackville, New Brunswick. Also available at seaduckjv.org .
The Canadian Arctic contains much of Canada’s coastal and marine zones, and these areas support
tremendous numbers of marine birds. At the start of the 21st century, the Canadian marine zone is
Black and white-winged scoters are not federally listed species but are protected under the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (2004) lists all
scoter species as decreasing in numbers in North America.
The fifteen species of sea ducks (Tribe Mergini) are the most poorly understood group of waterfowl in North America. The most basic biological information is unknown for some species.
Twelve species of North American sea ducks (Tribe Mergini) winter off the eastern coast of the United States and Canada. Yet, despite their seasonal proximity to urbanized areas in this region, there is limited information on patterns of wintering sea duck habitat use.
At the inception of the SDJV, the lack of understanding about population delineation was seen as one of the highest priority topics for future work; this priority was confirmed during a 2010 review of program direction.
The following briefing material has been assembled for use by The Pacific Flyway Council, Pacific Flyway Study Committee & Cooperators and by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
personnel in formulating recommendations for the 2013-2014 waterfowl hunting seasons. This collection of
This report summarizes information about the status of dabbler duck populations and wetland habitats during
spring 2013, focusing on areas encompassed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife (USFWS) and Canadian Wildlife
Informed management of waterfowl (or any animal population), requires management goals and objectives, the ability to implement management actions, periodic information about population and goal related variables, and knowledge of effects of management actions on populations and goal related vari
Determining appropriate statistical distributions for modeling animal count data is important for accurate estimation of abundance,distribution,and trends.In the case of
Human offshore activities are increasingly threatening waterbird conservation interests. The impacts of disturbance by high-speed ferries on Common Eiders
An estimated 52% of the species' North American population breeds within the Boreal Forest.