Ader A, Kespaik J. 1996. Seasonal migration dynamics of the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), the common scoter (Melanitta nigra), and the velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) in Estonia. Gibier Faune Sauvage 13(3):1297-1385.
Adams PA, Robertson GJ, Jones IL. 2000. Time-activity budgets of Harlequin Ducks molting in the Gannet Islands, Labrador. Condor 102(3):703-708.
Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. 1998. Surf Scoter: Melanitta perspicillata. Birds of North America 0(363):1-28.
Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. 1997. White-winged scoter: Melanitta fusca. Birds of North America 0(274):1-27.
Abraham KF. 1978. Adoption of Spectacled Eider Ducklings by Arctic Loons. Condor 80(3):339-340.
Seaduck Bibliography 1991-2010 as compiled by Paul Flint
Time series from 2009 deployments in northern Alaska
The animated map depicts weekly locations of satellite tagged Spectacled Eiders and sea ice distribution.
Time series from 2008 deployments in northern Alaska
The animated map depicts weekly locations of satellite tagged Spectacled Eiders and sea ice distribution.
ABSTRACT.-The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) has
remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and
wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite transmitters in birds from
each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and
arctic Russia). Based on transmitter locations, we conducted aerial sur veys to provide visual
Population delineation and wintering ecology of Surf Scoters have been studied in detail through much of their range. A conspicuous gap exists for Southeast Alaska, which is near the northern end of their winter distribution.